Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) are computing systems inspired by the brain's biological neural networks. These systems learn to perform tasks by considering examples, generally without task-specific programming. For instance, they can learn to recognize images that contain cats by analyzing example images that have been manually labeled as "cat" or "no cat" and using the results to identify cats in other images. They do this without any prior knowledge about cats, e.g., that they have fur, tails, whiskers, and cat-like faces. Instead, they evolve their own set of relevant characteristics from the learning material they process.